Computer fundamentals tutorial pdf version quick guide resources job search discussion computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as an input from the user and processes it under the control of a set of instructions called program, produces a result output, and saves it for future use. There are hardware devices that process the bit stream produced by a. Network topology diagram the specification of the network topology diagram requires the. Jul 22, 20 free download computer hardware and networking guide pdf. Basic networking questions and answers for interviews. About basic computer hardware every part of your computer is the result of years of research and development. Use the interactive diagram below to design any type of nic, from basic to programmable, to create the backbone of the data. Fig 1 gives an example of a network in a school comprising of a local area network or lan connecting computers with each other, the internet, and various servers. To encompass need of fast emerging software and hardware technologies, ethernet.
These are all generic terms for the same piece of hardware. Motherboard layout chipset illustration a chipset, pc chipset or. Most problems offer some kind of hint about their location. Repeaters attempt to preserve signal integrity and extend the distance over which data can travel. Describe the functionality of lan, man, and wan networks. Network interface card nic integrated circuits and. A software acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. Basic of networking a computer network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other. If just one computers connection to the network has failed, but all the others work properly, the problem is probably in that computer or its network link. Hello, please i would like to know the idea about computer hardware and networking engineering. Geographical locations of the different components or subnets involved in the network. From the network scenario in a household, to a medium scale network in a school or mall to a large, bordercrossing network of a corporation or service, a computer network is made up of. A thinclient can be implemented as either a hardware device, or software running on top of another operating system such as windows or linux.
The problem of hardware security has gained significant attention for the past several years. Sl no chapter theory in hours practical in hours 1. Free online computer hardware and networking tutorials. Software development is very expensive and is a continuing expense. The seeming miles of wires that get tangled on your desk, the cd drive, the monitor are all hardware. An example dataflow diagram an example of part of a dataflow diagram is given below. It is a carefully designed system of different hardware components networking devices working in tandem with various rules and communication protocols.
Network repeaters also called signal boosters and range extenders are small devices that receive incoming electrical, wireless, and optical signals and retransmit them to spots that ethernet and wifi data transmissions cant reach. It also includes all the parts inside the computer case. In the list of the networking devices, nic stands on the first place. Computer harware complete notes linkedin slideshare. Nayak saswat saswat kumar nayak i have completed my b. Since the discussion of networking often includes talk of extra layers,this paper will address these unofficial layers as well. Scroll below for a list of the various types of networking devices.
A computer network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other equipment that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other. Based on the functionalities, a networking device can be categorized in three types. A network cards job is to physically attach a computer to a network, so that the computer can. Dedicated hardware device or computer systems with more than one network interface and routing software.
There are many different names for network adapters, including network cards, network interface cards, nics. Tools for teaching computer networking and hardware. Types of computer networks find notes the easy way. The architecture of computer hardware, systems software. The design of the technologies that make todays internet work started in the 1960s, and there were over 20 years of research into how to build internetworking technologies before the. For the remainder of this text, the term networkwill. It helps administrators deploy, manage and monitor a network.
A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending andor receiving data. Fundamentals of computer networking and internetworking. Traditional networks are made up of specialized hardware, such as. The term computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, namely keyboard, monitor, mouse, and printer, including the digital circuitry. Use these computer notes to familiarize yourself with basic computer hardware. The network interface card address, called the hardware. Routing table static routing dynamic routing use special routing protocols to pass info to other routers. Distance vector routing rip link state routing ospf. We are going to provide an intense and up to date study material and networking notes with pdf on basic computer networking where our users will find extremely easy to learn and explore the most important and advanced features of computer networking. Computer networking devices explained with function. Ip forwarding all in hardware route lookup decrement the time to live ttl recalculation the checksum forward the frame the frame to correct output port. Do not worry about which parts of what system this diagram is describing look at the diagram to get a feel for the symbols and notation of a dataflow diagram. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a moderate level.
A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and or receiving data. Performance is often evaluated by two networking metrics. Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. Dec 10, 2019 network repeaters also called signal boosters and range extenders are small devices that receive incoming electrical, wireless, and optical signals and retransmit them to spots that ethernet and wifi data transmissions cant reach. Network computing hardware diagrams togaf modeling. Different networking devices and hardware types hub, switch. Use the interactive diagram below to design any type of nic, from basic to programmable, to create the backbone of the data center. Introduction to networks and networking, lan, vlan, can, man, wan, internet and intranet etc. This is also known as network adapter card, ethernet card and lan card. If you dont already have a network diagram in your files, consider drawing one now. Hi there, here i am providing you the best notes on computer networking unit wise as per rgpv pattern to the point computre networking notes pdf free download or.
Introductiona network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices. Network topology diagram the specification of the network topology diagram requires the definition of the characteristics and entities underlying the network. This document contains proprietary technical information which is the property of simcom limited, copying of this document and giving it to others and the using or communication of the contents thereof, are forbidden. Notes computer hardware basics the computer a computer is made up of many parts. Our integrated circuits and reference designs help you create network interface cards nics that enable efficient, highspeed data transmission without loss of signal quality. This address is technically called the media access control address mac because it is found on the mac sub layer of the data link layer. Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end systems or data terminal equipment. Data communication and computer network tutorialspoint. Principles, protocols and practice, release techniques allow to create pointtopoint links while radiobased techniques, depending on the directionality of the antennas, can be used to build networks containing devices spread over a small geographical area. Networking devices michigan technological university. Basic computer hardware questions are easy to remember and can count for easy marks. The clock speed of cpu is measured in terms of mega. Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware operating system goals.
Aug 10, 2006 the first piece of hardware that i want to discuss is a network adapter. In this diagram, different vlans are depicted in different color codes. It notes the connection attempt and acknowledges it by sending a ca segment. There are huge benefits of using such types of network in small and huge setups which we will. This includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. A computer network is not made up of one machine or even one type of machine. Windows peertopeer networking requires that each pc in the network be configured in the same workgroup. Introduction to networking advantages of networking types of networks models of networking appropriate to students ncte recommendation to students some relevant terms. Hardware is the physical components of a computer system e. Networking software is a foundational element for any network. Lans enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no more than a mile is fast, with speeds from 10 mbps to 10 gbps. Hardware is vulnerable in chain of trust in computing systems must be overcome. Computer hardware is an integral part embedded in all modern day automobiles, microwave ovens, electrocardiograph machines, compact disc players, and other devices.
If the hardware is the heart of a computer system, then the software is its soul. Personal area network pan a personal area network pan is a computer network used for communication among computer devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants, in proximity to an individuals body. The specification of the network topology diagram requires the definition of. Central processing unit cpu or processor for short. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network. Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier make the computer system convenient to use use the computer hardware in an efficient manner computer system structure computer system can be divided into four components.
Introducing basic network concepts 3 basetech networking concepts team 2230894 blind folio 3 figure 1. This document contains proprietary technical information which is the property of simcom limited, copying of this document and giving it to others and the using or. Description of the lan topologydescription of the wan topology. The diagrams in the body of the text have now all been migrated to the. Hardware and software in this section of notes you will learn about the basic parts of a computer and how they work. A network can be defined as a group of computers and other devices connected in. Hardware is any part of the computer that you can touch. The layout of a simple keyboard can be seen in the figure 1. However, the similar thinclient architecture has gained rapid popularity. This chapter also touches on policies that can help to develop enabling environments to sup.
The more people in your network, the better your chances of finding that perfect job. There are different components and hardware devices that participate and create a computer network. Nic converts the data packets between two different data transmission. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. Basic computer hardware notes in pdf testbook blog. Free download computer hardware and networking guide pdf. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. Different software applications can be loaded on a hardware to run different jobs. Nic allows a networking device to communicate with the other networking device. Finally, this paper will draw comparisons between the theoretical osi model and the functional tcpip model. Software is a set of electronic instructions consisting of complex codes programs that make the computer perform tasks. Inputoutput io devices these allow you to send information to the computer or get information from the computer. Each one has a key role to play and functions on a different layer of the osi model.
Computer networking 101 hh rev1 page 12 home network components software peertopeer windows software supports peertopeer networking between pcs on a lan. The star topology reduces the chance of network failure by connecting all of the systems to a central node. Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. Networking basic concepts and fundamentals explained.
1181 289 1416 143 51 1537 427 247 126 195 1456 19 596 522 855 1185 1457 1343 1287 1547 948 669 1462 1017 1171 514 1362 389 218 320 986 305